Culture of Pastoralism in North West Thar

Nomads of Jaisalmer

dk;Zdkjh v/;;u dk uke

mrjh if'peh tSlyesj ds jkex< {ks= esa v)Z /kqeDdM Ik'kqikydksa ds lkFk leqnk; ds izfrfuf/kRo okys fudk;ksa ds fuekZ.k }kjk viuh vkthfodk dks lqjf{kr j[kus dh j.kuhfr;ksa dh [kkst

vof/k %& 11 eghus (May 2001 to March 2002)

v/;;u drkZ dk uke %& prjflag 'tke' ] jkex<] tSlyesj

1- lUnHkZ %&

tSlyesaj ftys dk mrj if'pe {ks= esa i'kq o Ik'kqikydks dk thou LoHkko ls ljy ijUrq dfBukbZ;ksa ds chp ls xqtjrk FkkA bldk eryc ;g ugha fd os dfBukbZ;ksa dk lek/kku ugha fudky ikrs FksA Ik'kqikydks dk thou fuokZg Ik'kq/ku ls izkIr vk; ij cMh lknxh ls pyrk FkkA ÅWV] HksM] cdjh o xks ikyu dk eq[; O;olk; thou dk ,d vax FkkA vktknh ls iwoZ Ik'kq Ik'kqikydk dk lEcU/k jktLo ds vk/kkj ij lRrk ls FkkA jkt 'kkgh lRrk dks Ik'kq/ku ls [kkl eq[; jktLo vk; izkIr gksrh FkhA vktknh ds ckn Ik'kqikydksa ls jktLo tCr djuk :d x;k ijUrq jkT; dk vf/kdkj Ik'kqikydksa dh Hkqfe ij cuk jgk jkT; ;g vf/kdkj tehu cspdj ;k vkoafVr djds1 iw.kZ djrk FkkA blds dkj.k Ik'kqikyd vius xkspj vkSj ?kkl okyh tehu ik'pjyS.M fjUt yS.M lEifr ds rkSj ij [kksrs jgs Øe'k% xkspj vkSj ik'pjyS.M Hkwfe pkjkxkg dh ek=k de gksrh xbZA D;ksafd mu tehuksa ij futh LokfeRo LFkkfir gksrk jgkA gkWa ;g ckr lR; gS fd Ik'kq/ku dh chekjh dks ysdj Ik'kqikyd foHkkx o HksM o mu foHkkx ftyk Lrj ij gS o xzkeh.k cMs dLcks rd Hkh d

k;kZy; gSA ijUrq ewy :Ik ls ;g viuh iSaB Ik'kqikydks ds fcp ugha cuk ik,A tgkWa gky ds o"kksZ esa Ik'kq/ku dh chekjh dks ysdj fpfdRlk lEcU/kh lq>ko o nokbZ IkgqWaph gS ijUrq chekjh u gksdj Ik'kq/ku dk ewy vk/kkj pkjkxkg gSA bl lEcU/k esa Li"V o lgh uhfr ds vHkko esa Ik'kqikyd oxZ vletL; o Hkfo"; dks ysdj fpfUrr gS gekjk Ikz;kl bl Ik{k dks ysdj ;g gS fd Ik'kqikyd Lo;a bl lEcU/k esa fopkj djs o viuk ,adkdh o fujk'kk dk :Ik NksMdj lgHkkxhrk ls fopkj djds pkjkxkg Ik'kq/ku Ik'kqikyd thou iz'kklu oxZ o ljdkj rd ,d lkFkZd tqMko o uhfr cus ftlls Ik'kq/ku pkjkxkg o izd`fr vuqdwy thou Ik'kqikyd dks laj{k.k feysA

2- tSlyesj ds mRrjh if'peh {ks= dk Ik'kqikyd %&

2-1 mRrjh if'peh {ks= ds pkj Hkkx

¼v½- izFke Hkkx %& ge bl {ks= dk v/;;u pkj Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr dj jgs gSa igyk {ks= lqyrkuk xzke iapk;r ¼fMXxkikyh {ks=½ ls 'kq: gqvk tgkWa vc Ik'kq/ku lekIr gksus dks tk jgk gSA ÅWV ikyu ,d rjg ls e`r izk; gks x;k gSA D;ksafd 10 o"kksZ ls ugjh d`f"k ls Ik'kq/ku dks vk?kkr yxk o bl {ks= esa tgkW gtkjksa dh la[;k esa ÅWV ik;s tkrs Fks ogkWa vkt dksbZ Hkh ÅWV ugha fn[krkA ugjh forfjdkvksa ekbZujksa pdksa o e.Mh;ksa dk tky lk fcN x;k gSA ftls geus izFke LVst ekuk gSA

¼c½ f}fr; Hkkx % geus rstikyk jk;eyk o jk?kok rhu iapk;rks dks ekuk gS ftldk iwjk {ks= yxHkx dek.M gS o ewy fuoklh;ksa dk O;olk; Ik'kqikyu gS vHkh bl {ks= esa djhc&djhc ugj ekbZuj o pdksa dk tky rks fcN x;k gS ijUrq d`f"k iui ugha ikbZ gSA D;ksafd nks o"kksZ ls MSe o ugj esa ikuh dh deh ds dkj.k o tehu dh mitkm iu ij {kerk dks ysdj d`"kd ds eu esa ,d 'kadk gSA bl ,ao vU; dkj.kksa ls ;g {ks= iw.kZr;k flafpr ugha gks ik;k gSA Ik'kq/ku ;gkWa fo|eku gSA

¼l½ r`fr; Hkkx % jkex< xzke iapk;r o blds lkFk xSj vkckn 13 xkWao dks feyk;k x;k gS blesa 25 izfr'kr {ks= dek.M gS ckdh vu dek.M gS o dqN lhek ds xkWao ugjh {ks= ls ckgj gSA ogkWa Ik'kq/ku eq[; :Ik ls Ik'kqikydks ds thou dk vk/kkj gSA bl {ks= esa jsfxLrku eSnkuh o ugjh flafpr {ks= Hkh gSA blesa Ik'kqikyd oxZ es ajktiwr eqlyeku o es?koky oxZ Hkh gSA ;krk;kr o ty L=ksr pkjkxkg lcdh mi;ksfxrk gks ldrh gSA

¼n½ prwFkZ Hkkx % 'kkgx< o ?kksVkMw {ks= bldk foLr`r {ks=Qy gS blesa 45 xkWao vkckn gS bl lcdh tul[;k 2000 ds djhc gSA blesa ugjh {ks= ugha gS o Ik'kq/ku eq[; :Ik ls Ik'kqikydks dk thou vk/kkj gSA bl {ks= esa eqlyeku oxZ ds Ik'kqikyd fuokl djrsa gSA Hkk"kk ;krk;kr dks ysdj dBhukbZ gSA iw.kZr;k gesa ;g ns[kus dks feyrk gS fd pkjksa gh LVst esa Ik'kq/ku izkIr gS exj Ik'kqikyd vletL; ds ?ksjs esa gSA ftldh eq[; otg gS ljdkj ls muds izfr vogsyukA

2-2 v)Z /kqeDdM Ik'kqikyu dh ifjHkk"kk %&

lfn;ksa ls Ik'kqikyd vius Ik'kqvksa ds pkjs o ikuh dh lgqfy;r ls Ik'kqvksa ds lkFk fopj.k djrs vk,] tgkWa cjlkr ds dkj.k ?kkl o ikuh gksrk Fkk] ogkWa vius ifjokj lfgr o dHkh pjokgk ifjokj NksMdj pyrk curk FkkA tSlyesaj {ks= esa o fla?k ikfdLrku esa tkrs o vkrs jgrs FksA vktknh ls iwoZ leqnk;ksa ds e/; vkilh >xMs o eu eqVko pkjs o ikuh dks ysdj gksrk FkkA vktknh ls iwoZ ls ysdj Ik'kqikyd vkt rd ckjg efguk dHkh ,d txg xzke ;k ksiMh cukdj jgrs FksA Ik'kq lfnZ;ksa o xfeZ;ksa esa jkr ds le; taxy esa jgrs FksA fnu esa Ik'kq vius vki taxy ls pkjk pjdj xksoy esa vk tkrs FksA xkWa;ks dk nw/k fudkydj] ikuh fiykdj 'kke dks taxy esa pkjkxkg dh vkSj jokuk dj nsrs FksA HksM o cdjh ikyd lnhZ ds eghus esa Hkh xksoy ls nwj 5 ls 6 fdyksfeVj vkdk'k ds rys xokMh esa jgrs FksA o pkjokgk muds lkFk jgrk FkkA ikuh jk=h es aihus gsrq peMsa dh Nkxyksa esa lkFk ys tkrk FkkA

ÅVWa ikyd lnhZ esa pkj efgus rd cky cPpks ls nwj ÅV.kh;ksa ds lkFk jgrk FkkA ÅV.kh;sa lnhZ esa 5 ls 7 fnu ckn ikuh ihrh gS o ÅVWa ikyd muds lkFk iwjh lnhZ yxHkx nw/k ihdj gh fudkyrk gSA ÅV.kh;ksa ds >w.M dh la[;k 250 ls ysdj 300 rd gksrh FkhA ftlesa pkj ls ysdj ikap ÅVWa ikyd lkFk jgrs FksA xehZ esa ÅV.kh;s taxy es [kwyh pjrh gSA ÅVWa ikyd dks lkFk ugha jguk iMrk FkkA xksoy o XokMh rhu pkj eghus ls T;knk ,d LFkku ij ugha j[krs FksA ,d txg ls nwljh txg pkjs dh deh ds dkj.k pkjkxkgksa ds vUnj iyk;u djrs FksA vkt Hkh jsfxLrku esa Ik'kqikydksa }kjk [kksns x;s dq, ¼rys½ jktdh; fjdkWMZ esa ntZ gSA tcfd vkcknh pd dkVs gq, ugha gS dgha dgh 'ke'kku Hkwfe Hkh ntZ gSA ijUrq ikl esa dgh vkcknh Hkwfe ntZ ugha gSA tc Hkh pS= oS'kk[k tsB eghuksa esa dgha Hkh nwj njkt cjlkr gksrh Fkh rc Ik'kqikyd 100 fdyksehVj ls ysdj 200 fdyksehVj rd vius Ik'kq o ifjokjksa ds lkFk pkjs dh [kkst esa iyk;u djrs FksA tgkWa LFkkuh; pjokgksa o bu Ik'kqikydksa ds chp >xMs o eueqVko o gR;k;sa rd gksrh FkhA Ik'kqikydksa dks vHkh vktknh ds 15 ls 20 o"kZ ds ckn ;g eglwl gksus yxk fd gekjs pkjkxkg ugha cfYd ;s jktdh; tehu gSA rc pkjkxkgksa dk fldqMuk o fcxMrh n'kk ns[kdj vius Hkfo"; dks ysdj vletL; dh fLFkfr esa gSA jktkvksa ds le; pjokgksa ds vkilh >xMs dk iSekuk pkjkxkg ds vUnj ?kqliSB dks ekuk tkrk Fkk o QSlys pjokgs jktk dk O;fDr ;k pjokgksa ds lewg ds iapks }kjk gksrk FkkA vc Hk;adj vdky ds le; vkcw ioZr] lfjLdk] gfj;k.kk o iatkc dh rjQ iyk;u djrs gSA vkt Hkh muds jgus ds LFkku ,d txg ugha gS xkWao esa chekjh o jk'ku gsrq vkrs gSA 'kknh o lkekftd j'esa pkjkxkgksa ds vUnj xksoyksa esa lknxh ls djrs gSA vc ;s yksx pkjkxkgks dks fldqMus ¼de gksus ls½ ls dqN {ks= esa tks fd 100 fdyksehVj x 60 fdyksehVj dh ifjf/k esa jgrs gS bl dkj.k vc ugj vkus ls xkWao

A Study conducted by Chatar Singh for AZERC, URMUL Trust, Bikaner

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Salt of the Earth, Thar Desert